Advancements in Data Monitoring and Management of Combined Sewer Overflows

Combined Sewer Overflows (CSOs) have long been a challenge for urban wastewater management. These systems, which combine sewage and stormwater in a single pipeline, can overflow during heavy rainfall, leading to the discharge of untreated wastewater into nearby water bodies. This not only poses a significant environmental threat but also impacts public health and local ecosystems. In the UK alone, there are approximately 14,346 CSOs, each assessed for their environmental risk potential by the Environment Agency.